The history of the E3 began with its creation in 1995 and has continued through the latest expo in 2011 The conference was known as the Electronic Entertainment Expo from 1995 to 2006. In 2007 and 2008, the conference was known as the E3 Media and Business Summit. The 2009 event's name was reverted back to the Electronic Entertainment Expo.
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The first E3 featured the start of Sony's entrance into the video game industry with its PlayStation. Sega's Saturn was ready to try and take advantage of the year head start it would have over Nintendo, who at the time had announced its Ultra 64 system (later renamed Nintendo 64) would be released in the summer of the following year. Nintendo used the event to unveil its Virtual Boy system, which turned out to be a commercial failure. Some of the games that were showed and garnered attention were Battle Arena Toshinden, Ridge Racer, Panzer Dragoon, Virtua Fighter, and D. Several game videos were shown for both the PlayStation and Saturn.
SNK also showed and announced the release of the Neo-Geo CD. Though it was only the first year for E3, the show proved to be the premier event for gaming in the US.
The event continued to grow and become a common place for the unveiling of new products. In 1996, Nintendo's press conference unveiled the Nintendo 64 and Super Mario 64 in the U.S. Capcom previewed the first game of their survival horror franchise Resident Evil, as well as their first 3D fighting game for PlayStation, Star Gladiator. Namco showed its PlayStation version of Tekken 2. Naughty Dog showed its first PlayStation offering, Crash Bandicoot and Sega showed its next mascot with NiGHTS into Dreams... for the Saturn (also debuting its analog controller). Eidos showed off its multiplatform star in Tomb Raider. The Unreal Engine was shown for the first time by Epic MegaGames, but no actual Unreal gameplay. StarCraft also had its debut in a very early build of the game. Square showed its first PlayStation offering with Tobal No. 1 (a fighting game to everyone's surprise) and showed video of the most anticipated role playing game of the time, Final Fantasy VII. The event ran from May 16 through May 18 in Los Angeles, California.
In 1997, E3 was held in Atlanta, Georgia, where some of what would become the most popular first-person shooter games were unveiled, such as Half-Life and Unreal. Other first person shooters included SiN, Daikatana, Prey, Quake II and Star Wars Jedi Knight: Dark Forces II. In addition, the stealth action game Metal Gear Solid for the PlayStation was unveiled as well as Panzer Dragoon Saga for the Saturn. Superman, the 1999 video game for Nintendo 64, was also shown at E3 1997 and has been considered "one of the worst video games of all time".
In 1998, Half-Life made an appearance at E3, in its final development stage. Duke Nukem Forever was shown for the first time. A Prey trailer was also shown. Monolith Productions exhibited two new first person shooters, Blood II: The Chosen and Shogo: Mobile Armor Division. The final version of The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time was also presented. The event was again held in Atlanta, Georgia.
1999 saw the dawn of a new generation of consoles. The Dreamcast, the first sixth generation era console, was featured. The event from here on ran usually in Los Angeles, California.
In 2000, the PlayStation 2 and Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty were featured, as was the Xbox early dev and Halo: Combat Evolved when it was still a 3rd person PC game. The Dreamcast showcased its second gen games including Marvel vs Capcom 2. Nintendo was still backing the N64 and some rumors of the Game Boy Advance had started. Epic Games, as they were named from then on (they dropped the "Mega-" to make the name more catchy), showcased Unreal Engine 2 for the first time, and also started the rumors of Unreal Warfare.
In 2001, the Nintendo GameCube and the Xbox, two new systems, were featured. They would both be released later in the year.
Microsoft held its press conference unveiling their first season of games for the Xbox. Some notable mentions include: Oddworld: Munch's Oddysee, Enclave, Jet Set Radio Future, Amped: Freestyle Snowboarding, Mad Dash, Project Gotham Racing, Project Ego, Medal of Honor: Allied Assault, Dead or Alive 3, GunValkyrie and the heavily anticipated Halo: Combat Evolved.
Nintendo also made its first American unveiling of the GameCube in this event. Some notable games included Luigi's Mansion, Pikmin, Wave Race: Blue Storm, Super Smash Bros. Melee, Cel Damage, Eternal Darkness: Sanity's Requiem, Super Monkey Ball, and Star Fox Adventures. Nintendo's Game Boy Advance, unveiled at an earlier Spaceworld was almost absent from E3 2001.
This year was also the last E3 appearance of the Sega Dreamcast. Some games included Sonic Adventure 2, Ooga Booga, and Bomberman Online. It was held in Los Angeles.
Despite the loss of Sega as a platform holder, the 2002 E3 continued the trend of bigger and bigger shows. Along with unveiling Xbox Live, Microsoft hosted numerous games like Blinx: The Time Sweeper, Tom Clancy's Splinter Cell, Dead to Rights, Unreal Championship, Panzer Dragoon Orta, Ninja Gaiden, and the never to be released B.C.
Nintendo GameCube games previewed on this show included Super Mario Sunshine, The Legend of Zelda: The Wind Waker, Metroid Prime, Star Fox Adventures, Timesplitters 2, Resident Evil Zero, Wario World, Rayman 3: Hoodlum Havoc, Aggressive Inline, Phantasy Star Online, and 1080° Avalanche. They also unveiled the first major wireless controller, the Wavebird, with Super Mario Sunshine being played with it. Nintendo also supported the Game Boy Advance with The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, Kirby: Nightmare in Dreamland, Doom II, Reign of Fire, and Super Monkey Ball Jr.. They also showed how you could connect with the Nintendo GameCube for special content, as demonstrated in a co-op mode for The Wind Waker.
PlayStation 2 games featured included Colin McRae Rally 3, Ratchet & Clank, Sly Cooper and the Thievius Raccoonus, Red Dead Revolver, The Getaway and Kingdom Hearts.
PC game makers also made an appearance, revealing Doom 3 for the first time. Age of Mythology and Warcraft III were also previewed.
In, 2003, Half-Life 2 was unveiled, a Halo 2 single player demo using an experimental lighting engine (which was not used in the final game) was shown and the PlayStation Portable was first mentioned. During this E3, exhibitors emphasized the rise of the MMORPG genre. The Sims 2 was also unveiled.
The last year to focus primarily on the sixth generation of consoles was 2004. A Halo 2 12 person capture the flag multiplayer demo was shown taking place on Zanzibar. The PSP and Nintendo DS were featured. The first trailer for the second sixth generation Zelda game, later named The Legend of Zelda: Twilight Princess was shown. F.E.A.R. was unveiled, a teaser trailer being released shortly after. Unreal Engine 3 was demonstrated for the first time. Sony also announced that the PlayStation 3 would make an appearance at the next E3.
This was the first time the E3 convention was aired on television and all future conventions are now slated to air on the G4 network.
In 2005, the shift in focus continued with Sony debuting the PlayStation 3, albeit in unplayable form. Many of the games shown for the system were pre-rendered video. Nintendo unveiled their seventh generation console codenamed "Revolution" (later known as the Wii) along with the Game Boy Micro. However, Nintendo chose to keep the console's motion controllers secret until the 2005 Tokyo Game Show.[1] Microsoft also unveiled the Xbox 360 at their press conference, and a game which was not released until 2010, Alan Wake.
E3 2005, the 11th annual E3 summit, attracted 70,000 attendees.
The 2006 E3 show focused on the upcoming releases of Sony's PlayStation 3 and Nintendo's Wii, along with the next wave of games for the Nintendo DS, Xbox 360, PSP, and mobile phones. Several websites such as the Washington Post noted in retrospect that Nintendo 'stole the show'. They cited the long lines for attendees waiting to play the Wii.
Although these new seventh generation era consoles were exhibited, attendance was 60,000 attendees, 14% lower than E3 2005.
In the days following Sony's conference, the presentation and historical inaccuracy of the game Genji: Days of the Blade was criticised and mocked by certain members of the gaming community, resulting in the Giant Enemy Crab meme.
On July 31, 2006, the ESA announced that the expo would be downsized and restructured due to the overwhelming demand from the exhibitors.[2] On October 13, 2006, the new format of the show was detailed. Although E3 was originally envisioned as an expo open only to game industry professionals, it has grown in recent years to include greater numbers of bloggers and attendees who were not perceived to be industry professionals.[3] Many of these persons were excluded from the revised event, as the ESA announced that the new E3 would be by invitation only.[4][5]
It was originally speculated that because of these changes, independent developers may have been excluded, and subsequently damaged, in preference for larger game companies. But the ESA ultimately provided invitations for independent developers with "The Indie Games Showcase" booth. This was made possible through industry supporters, IndieCade and the International Game Developers Association.[6]
The move was widely criticized by those both within and outside the gaming industry,[7] notably by SimCity and Spore creator, Will Wright;
"It almost feels like a zombie at this point; it's the walking dead. It's such an abrupt end to what was E3, which had been this huge escalating arms race....Right now we're in this kind of dicey, do we have an event, what event is it, which one do we go to? I think we're in an uncomfortable transition zone when really the real E3 died a couple of years ago." [8]
Attendance to E3 2007, the 13th annual E3 summit attracted only 10,000 attendees due to the scaled back nature of this show. The summit was in Santa Monica, from July 11–13.
Attendance to E3 2008, the 14th annual E3 summit had a reduced attendance once more of only 5,000.
Electronic Entertainment Expos beginning from 2009 reverted to the show's previous format before its 2007 restructuring. The show was greatly expanded in terms of size from previous years, it has been reopened to all qualified computer and gaming audience. The first show to revert to this format, E3 2009, was widely well received by game makers who were rather disappointed by E3 2007 and 2008.[13]
E3 2009 was the 15th Electronic Entertainment Expo held. It was held June 2–4 at the Los Angeles Convention Center. Attendance of E3 2009 had attendance which was similar to that of E3 summits from before 2007. The attendance was up by 820% on the previous years summit (E3 2008) to 41,000 attendees, which itself is only a decline of 32% on E3 2006's attendance.
New motion sensing devices were revealed for the PlayStation 3 and Xbox 360, the PlayStation Move and Kinect for Xbox 360 first known as Project Natal respectively. Crysis 2, Halo: Reach, New Super Mario Bros. Wii, Golden Sun DS, Wii Vitality Sensor, WarioWare D.I.Y., Wii Fit Plus, Super Mario Galaxy 2, Metroid: Other M, Final Fantasy XIV, ModNation Racers, and Metal Gear Solid: Peace Walker were announced at the show. Sony's new portable device, the PSP Go, was also announced.
The 2010 show was held at the Los Angeles Convention Center.[14] Nintendo revealed The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword, a Wii MotionPlus-compatible title in the The Legend of Zelda series, as well as the Nintendo 3DS handheld.[15] THQ's Danny Bilson stated that Saints Row: The Third would debut at E3 and dubbed it as "mind-blowing". Also, THQ has announced the debut for Red Faction: Armageddon at E3. As well as this, Kingdom Hearts 3D has been revealed. Microsoft has announced Kinect, (formerly known as Project Natal) and unveiled its new Xbox 360 S model, while Sony displayed its upcoming motion-sensing game controller for the PlayStation 3 named PlayStation Move. About 45,600 attendees were present for E3 2010, an 11% increase over E3 2009's attendance.[16]
E3 2011 was once again held at the Los Angeles Convention Center from June 7, to June 9. Nintendo announced the Wii U, their newest home console, it also announced the newest game the Mario Bros. Series for the Nintendo 3DS. Nintendo also celebrated the 25th anniversary of The Legend of Zelda by giving attendees a brand new trailer, including a bit of the story in The Legend of Zelda: Skyward Sword. Nintendo also announced the release of Mario Kart for the 3DS, a new 3DS Star Fox game and much more. Square-Enix revealed more of the much anticipated Final Fantasy XIII-2 and it announced Hitman: Absolution. Microsoft also announced 2 new games in the Halo franchise, Halo 4 and Halo Combat Evolved Anniversary edition, both which are in development at 343 Industries. Sony unveiled the final name for the NGP, the PlayStation Vita. It is set to come out in North America around Christmas costing about $249 for the WiFi version and $299 for the 3G version. Other notable games including BioShock Infinite, Mass Effect 3, Deus Ex: Human Revolution, Far Cry 3, Assassin's Creed: Revelations, Gears of War 3, Forza Motorsport 4, Prototype 2, Tomb Raider, SSX, Ghost Recon: Future Soldier, Prey 2, Uncharted 3: Drake's Deception, Sonic Generations, Need for Speed: The Run, Rage, WWE '12, and The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim were shown. Approximately 46,800 people were present at E3 2011, a 3% increase from E3 2010 and a 22% decline on E3 2006 attendance.[17]
E3 will return in 2012 on June 5 to June 7.[18]
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